![]() The focus is on description and evaluation.Īnnotated bibliographies can be both summary and evaluative annotations. Evaluative annotations can help you learn about your topic, develop a thesis statement, decide if a specific source will be useful for your assignment, and determine if there is enough valid information available to complete your project. Rules for handling works by a single author or multiple authors that apply to all APA-style references in your reference list, regardless of the type of work (book, article, electronic resource, etc. The focus is on description.Īn evaluative annotation includes a summary as listed above but also critically assesses the work for accuracy, relevance, and quality. Annotated bibliographies can be part of a larger research project, or can be a stand-alone report in itself.Ī summary annotation describes the source by answering the following questions: who wrote the document, what does the document discuss, when and where was the document written, why was the document produced, and how was it provided to the public. An annotation is a short summary and/or critical evaluation of a source. The annotation begins on a new line and is indented 12. The annotated bibliography looks like a Works Cited/References page but includes an annotation after each source cited. In APA style, each entry begins at the left margin subsequent lines indent 12. emails, phone conversations or private online material).An annotated bibliography is a list of citations for various books, articles, and other sources on a topic. You should not include references to personal communications that your reader can’t access (e.g. On the reference page, you only include sources that you have cited in the text (with an in-text citation). ![]() Double spacing (within and between references).On the second line, start listing your references in alphabetical order.Īpply these formatting guidelines to the APA reference page: Develop an APA annotated bibliography by finding quality sources for your research and organizing them properly using our rules and examples. Below you will find sample annotations from annotated bibliographies, each with a different research project. On the first line of the page, write the section label “References” (in bold and centered). Place the page, right after the main body and before any appendices. On the reference page, you list all the sources that you’ve cited throughout your paper. Start the reference entry with the source title.įormatting the APA reference page The basics In these cases, the reference is slightly adjusted. It is not uncommon for certain information to be unknown or missing, especially with sources found online. *Format the title based on its formatting in the corresponding reference entry (either italicized or, if the title in the reference entry is not italicized, placed in quotation marks). When the author, publication date or locator is unknown, take the steps outlined below. Pay attention to punctuation and the use of the ampersand (&) symbol. The in-text citation changes slightly when a source has multiple authors or an organization as an author. Narrative citation: Smith (2020) notes that ….Parenthetical citation: According to new research … (Smith, 2020).Both types are generated automatically when citing a source with Scribbr’s APA Citation Generator. The in-text citation can take two forms: parenthetical and narrative. ![]() In doing so, you give credit to the original author and avoid plagiarism. You should include in-text citations every time you’re quoting or paraphrasing someone else’s ideas or words. ![]() See it as a shorter version of the entry in the reference list. This citation guide outlines the most important citation guidelines from the 7th edition APA Publication Manual (2020).ĪPA in-text citations include the author’s last name, publication date, and, if relevant, a locator such as a page number or timestamp. Scribbr’s free citation generator automatically generates accurate references and in-text citations. APA Style is widely used by students, researchers, and professionals in the social and behavioral sciences.
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